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Arthrosis of joints

Arthritis is a disease characteristic by the gradual destruction of joints due to the development of nourishment changes in tissues.According to WHO, all the residents of the planet are faced with this issue.After 50 years, the risk of disease occurrence is about 30%and 70 years reaching 80-90%.

Healthy joints and affected by arthritis

General information

Arthrosis is a chronic, long -term process that affects not only the joints.When it progresses, changes in nourishment and degeneration are also great for the auxiliary apparatus.In the process, the patient faces cartilage and bone tissue, capsules of joints and physiological bags, as well as muscles, ligaments and subcutaneous tissues in contact with them.

Regardless of the localization, the pathological process passes through a single diagram.First, at the thickness of the fabric, the balance between the growth and destruction of cartilage is disturbed, and the balance is changed towards the direction of nourishment and reverse development (degeneration).At this time, the invisible changes to the eye in the micro structure of the cartilage occur, leading to its thinness and cracking.

As the disease progresses, joints lose elasticity and become more dense.This reduces the likelihood of devaluation, the speed of tissue damage continues to increase due to vibration and microtrauma in movements.The thinning of cartilage stimulates the positive development of bone structures, due to the result of a sudden increase and the edges that appear on the smooth surface of the joints - the joints develop.The movements are increasingly limited and painful.The muscle contraction around the area is affected, worsen the pain and deformed limb.

The stages of the disease

Arthritis gradually develops and during the three stages of self -determining the severity of the disease:

  • Stage 1: The pathology is not detected on x -ray or ultrasound, but the destruction processes have been given;The composition of joint fluid changes, so the tissue is less than nutritious organisms and becomes more sensitive;The load increases to the area of damage causing inflammation (arthritis) and pain;
  • Phase 2 is characterized by the positive destruction of cartilage fabric, and bone spines and bone growth appear along the edges of the general platform (the contact area of the surface);At this time, the pain becomes familiar and the inflammatory processes become stronger or weaker;The spasms related to the joints of the muscle are recorded periodically;
  • Stage 3: Destruction areas affect almost the entire surface of the cartilage, the common platform is deformed, the injured limbs deviate from its axis;The motion volume is reduced, and the ligament is weakened and becomes short.

Some experts also distinguish the stage IV of muscle disease development.It is characterized by the almost complete motion of the joint.

Type

Depending on the causes of the disease, primary and secondary arthritis is distinguished.In the first case, the disease arises independently compared to the platform of a comprehensive effect of influencing factors.The secondary model is the result of other diseases and is divided into the following groups:

  • Damage of joints occurs due to metabolic disorders or endocrine diseases (gout, diabetes, extreme, hyperthyroidism);
  • Destroying congenital pathology (Pedget disease, congenital lip dislocations, scoliosis, difficulty in freezing blood, etc.);
  • Post -traumatic Arthrosis, arising on the background of fractures, cracks, necrotic or surgical processes, as well as arising due to the characteristics of the profession.

The most demand is classifying osteoarthritis, depending on the localization of the pathology process:

  • Gonartrosis: Knee lesions, one of the varieties are pallets -pemorary arthrosis - The destruction of joints between the femur and the tea cake bone;
  • Arthrosis of ankle joints: occurs on the background of a large load and regular injury;
  • Arthrosis of the joints of the feet: the thumb often suffers at the fork with the foot;defeat development against the background of gout or valgus deformation;
  • The shoulder table is characterized by shoulder lesions and is often found at the young age on the basis of increased physical activity (motivation, athletes, construction houses);
  • Coksartrosis: damage to hip joints;Maybe both of them and bilateral and one of the most common causes of disabilities in people over 50 years old;
  • Brainstorming spine: The destruction of cartilage disks between vertebrae, often affects the spine and waist;
  • The joints of the joints of the brush: the joints of the finger are often the most affected, the diseases are especially easily affected by women during menopause;
  • The arthritis of the temporal joint: It is quite rare, usually based on the platform of chronic inflammation due to improper bite disorder or prosthetic legs;
  • Arthrosis of elbow joints: A rare form, often associated with injury of this area.

Reasons for development

The main factor in the development of arthritis is the inappropriate test between the test and the joint ability of the joint to withstand this load.Acute or chronic, this process certainly leads to the destruction of tissues.

The list of causes increasing the risk of arthritis of any localization includes:

  • hereditary;
  • Endocrine pathology (diabetes);
  • Trauma of the joint apparatus: bruises, dislocations, fractures or cracks of the bone inside the common bag, full ligament breakage or part of the ligament invading the wound;
  • Common load regularly related to career;
  • obesity;
  • Lower body temperature;
  • Transfer arthritis: Acute arthritis, tuberculosis, etc.;
  • Diseases in which bleeding usually occur in joints (hemophilia);
  • strong changes in hormones (pregnancy, menopause);
  • Local circulatory disorders related to atherosclerosis, varicose veins, thrombosis, etc.;
  • Autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus system, etc.);
  • Dyplasia of connective tissue (congenital disease, accompanied, including excessive movement of joints);
  • Congenital pathology of the musculoskeletal system (flat legs, dysplasia or congenital dislocations of hip joints, etc.);
  • Over 45-50 years old (increasing risks related to reduced collagen synthesis);
  • Osteoporosis (bone vacuum);
  • Chronic poisoning of the body (including heavy metal salts, drugs, alcohol);
  • Surgical intervention on joints.

Symptom

Symptoms of arthritis are actually independent of its cause and localization, as changes in joints take place in the same script.The disease gradually develops and begins to manifest, when cartilage is quite serious.

One of the first signs of dysfunction is the crisis in the area with a problem during the movement.Usually, it occurs when the knee or shoulder is broken.At the same time, a person may feel mitigated mobility after not acting for a long time, for example, in the morning.

When asked which symptoms occur in arthritis, most patients call the first pain.At first, not significant and weak, gradually it gained strength, preventing it from moving normally.Depending on the stage and localization of pathology, one person may feel:

  • The pain begins: occurring in the first movements after the prolonged activity of the joints and is linked to the formation on the surface of the cartilage of the thin film from destroyed fabric;After starting the work, the film changed and annoyed;
  • Pain with prolonged physical effort (standing, walking, running, etc.): Appears due to reduced shocking properties -joints;
  • Weather pain: stimulated by low temperatures, humidity, changing atmospheric pressure;
  • Night pain: associated with veins and hypertension inside the bone;
  • The blockade: Pain, severe pain associated with violations of a piece of cartilage or bone in the joint cavity.

As muscle disease develops, symptoms become more noticeable, the patient notes the following signs:

  • Increase morning hardness;
  • Enhance and increase pain time;
  • reduce mobility;
  • joint deformation due to bone growth;
  • Deformation of bones and surrounding tissues: This process is very noticeable on the limbs and fingers of the hand, becoming significant.

When the inflammation is attached, the area is affected by swelling, blushing and becomes hot when touched.Click it causes a strong increase in pain.

Joint pain in arthritis

Analysis and diagnosis

Diagnosis of arthritis is involved in orthopedic doctor.He conducted a detailed survey of patients to identify complaints and Anamnesis.The doctor details the time of the first signs and their growth speed, injury and disease, the presence of similar issues in relatives.

A general blood test allows you to identify an inflammatory process, often accompanied by arthritis.

The main diagnostic method is X -ray.In the picture, the following signs are clearly displayed:

  • narrowing the general gap;
  • Change the contour of the contact bone;
  • The bone structure is disturbed in the affected area;
  • Bone growth (osteophytes);
  • The curvature of the axis of the limb or finger;
  • Subluxation of joints.

For more detailed diagnosis, they may be specified:

  • Computerized tomography (CT);
  • Magnetic resonance images (MRI);
  • Ultrasound of joints;
  • Joint endoscopy (Cameratoma internal inspection is introduced through a small hole);
  • Scintigraphy (evaluate bone status and metabolism in them by introducing radioactive drugs).

In case of suspicion of the secondary nature of the disease, the appropriate tests and consultations of narrow experts are prescribed.

Treatment of arthritis

The selection of joint treatment of joints depends on the cause of the disease, the stages and its symptoms.In the arsenal of the doctors there is:

  • medicine;
  • Treatment is not treatment;
  • Surgical method.

In addition, patients need to strictly observe their diet and adjust their lifestyle to minimize further damage to joints.

Drug treatment

The appointment of drugs for muscle disease pursues two main goals:

  • Eliminate pain and inflammation;
  • Recovery of cartilage or at least, stop degenerating more.

To facilitate the patient's condition, different drugs are used:

  • Anti -inflammatory drugs are not without substance in tablets, injections, ointments or candles;They relieve pain and inflammation well;
  • Hormone (corticosteroid): Displayed in the most severe and most frequent pain, being taken directly into the joints;
  • Other painkillers, for example, anti -copaspasmodic actions: help reduce the level of pain by relaxing muscles;

It is important to Remember: All Types of Painkillers are use only to facilitateThey do not affect the condition of cartilage, and with prolonged use, they accelerate its destruction and cause serious side effects.

The main preparations for the recovery of joints today are chondroprotector.They contribute to the saturation of cartilage with nutrients, prevent the monument and start the cell growth process.The vehicle is only influenced in the early and medium stages of the development of the disease and is subjected to long -term use.

Preparations improve microcirculation in tissues and resist to enhance the effectiveness of chondroprotector.The previous one provides a good supply for the affected area with oxygen and nutrients, and later slowed down the tissue destruction process.

The selection of specific drugs, their dosage and management regime are participating in the doctor.

Treatment is not treatment

Treatment does not include the following methods:

  • Physiotherapy:
    • Shockwave therapy: Destroying bone growth and stimulating blood circulation due to the effect of ultrasound;
    • Automatic irritation soil: Exposure to electrical impulses to stimulate muscle contraction;
    • Ultrafonophoresis: The effect of ultrasound in the combination of drug use;
    • Ozone therapy: Introducing a special gas mixture to the general capsule;
  • Physiotherapy physical therapy;
  • Treatment therapy: exercise therapy using simulation;
  • General traffic to reduce the load;
  • Massage.

Surgical treatment

Typically, the help of a surgeon is required at the serious stage of the disease.Depending on the localization of the pathology and the level of damage, it may be specified:

  • Punchitch: A hole of joints with a part of the liquid removal and, as directed, the use of the drug;
  • Adjusted bone cutting: Remove part of the bone, then fix from another angle to remove the load from the joint;
  • Endoprosthetic: Replace damaged joints with prosthetic legs;Used in extremely negative cases.

Arthrosis in children

Arthrosis is considered a disease of the elderly, but it can also be found in children.The most common cause of pathology is:

  • Congenital pathology of connective tissue;
  • serious injuries;
  • hereditary;
  • metabolic disorders and work of internal secretions;
  • Orthopedic disorders (flat feet, scoliosis, etc.);
  • Overweight.

Children's arthritis rarely comes with obvious symptoms: the pain is painful, and in fact without the hardness and limitations of the function.The changes of myths are detected on X -Ray, MRI and ultrasound.During treatment, similar products are used as in adults.The maximum attention is paid for exercise and physical therapy, because at young age, they are especially effective.No treatment, early or then advanced stage with a complete loss of mobility.

Diet

Diet is one of the most important factors in the treatment of arthritis.In the presence of excess weight, it is necessary to reduce it to reduce the load on the joints.In this case, a balanced diet with calories deficiency is prescribed.Regardless of the body mass index, doctors recommend that you give up completely:

  • Quick carbohydrate (sugar, dessert, powder);
  • ale;
  • spice;
  • Beans;
  • Strong tea and coffee;
  • The dishes are too fat and sharp.

Parking and internal organs are not excluded, but significantly limited, as well as salt.Ideal nutrition for osteoarthritis includes:

  • Low meat varieties;
  • fish and seafood;
  • egg;
  • dairy products;
  • Flaxseed vegetable oil and olive;
  • Vegetables and fruits, large amounts of green vegetables;
  • Moderate cereals, pasta from hard pasta;
  • Products with high collagen content (jelly, pouring, jelly).

Prevent

Arthritis is easier to warn than treatment.To maintain general health for many years, should be used:

  • Lead a dynamic lifestyle;
  • regular exercise and visit the pool;
  • Eat properly, use enough omega-3 and collagen;
  • Prevent the excess of BMI;
  • Wear comfortable shoes.

If the disease is diagnosed in the early stages, it is often necessary to undergo treatment of spa, as well as eliminate professional risk factors: long -term stay, lifting severity, vibration.

Consequences and complications

Arthrosis progressed very slowly.When performing a doctor's prescription, his current slower slows significantly, allowing you to maintain the ability to move much longer.The consequences cannot be reverse development without treatment:

  • Deforming joints;
  • reducing mobility to completely loss (ankylosis);
  • shorten limbs (with knee injuries or femoral joints);
  • Deformation of bone, curvature of limbs and fingers.

Forecast

The prognosis for arthritis depends on the form of disease, the degree and quality of its treatment.The disease is one of the frequent causes of disabilities, and in advanced cases, the ability to move and self -service.In serious types of lesions in the knee and hip joints, the patient receives the first or second group of disabilities (depending on the stage and weight of damage).